Anti-Money Laundering (AML) in crypto is all about stopping bad actors from taking dirty money and making it look clean through digital currencies. 

Basically, it’s a set of rules, laws, and procedures aimed at keeping criminals from using crypto to cover up the origins of their cash.

In practice, AML rules mean that exchanges, wallet providers, and other crypto businesses have to verify who their users are (thanks, KYC), keep an eye out for shady transactions, and report anything suspicious to the authorities. It’s not just about following the rules—it’s about keeping fraud, terrorism financing, and other illegal activities in check.

Crypto and AML go hand-in-hand because, without it, digital currencies could turn into a paradise for money launderers. Good AML practices help detect, prevent, and report criminal activity, and they also protect legit users and businesses from getting caught up in someone else’s mess.

Here’s a real-world example: say someone suddenly dumps $50,000 worth of Bitcoin into an exchange and immediately tries to scatter it across dozens of anonymous wallets. That’s a huge red flag. The exchange would freeze the withdrawal and launch an AML review to make sure that money isn’t tied to anything sketchy.

For licensed crypto businesses, staying on top of AML rules isn’t optional—it’s survival. Global standards like the FATF’s Travel Rule (which requires sharing transaction details for larger transfers) are constantly evolving, and companies have to keep up or risk being shut down.

Some ways AML shows up in crypto:

• KYC Checks: Users have to verify their identities before they can deposit or withdraw.
  
• Transaction Monitoring: Smart algorithms watch for suspicious patterns, like rapid-fire wallet-to-wallet transfers (known as smurfing).
  
• Regulatory Reporting: If something seems off, exchanges file Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) so investigators can dig deeper.